Abstract
- The world’s ‘second’ metropolis airports rely among the many most utilized by passengers, with as much as 50mppa, however within the wider scheme of issues they nonetheless lag behind the principal hub airports.
- Main the pack are New York, London, Paris, London, and the Chinese language airports at Shanghai and Beijing.
- Their quantity might be augmented inside a number of years by new ones in India, the Philippines and Australia, amongst different international locations.
- There are discernible similarities between them, optimistic and destructive, particularly the place funds journey is worried, each brief and lengthy haul.
- Consequently, there are alternatives for synergies to be discovered and enhanced, even for direct co-operation between them.
- That will be less complicated the place they’re independently owned and operated, separate from the principal airport – and fairly a number of are.
How essential are secondary airports serving huge cities within the total scheme of issues?
The target of this report is to take a look at a grouping of the highest ‘second airports’ worldwide and to analyse the function they play inside their very own area.
Are there any commonalities, or synergies? Would any diploma of co-operation between them be useful?
Half considered one of this report featured the introduction and checked out Newark Liberty, Shanghai Hongqiao, and London Gatwick airports.
Half two now seems to be at Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen, Tokyo Narita, Beijing Daxing, and Paris Orly airports.
Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen Worldwide Airport (SAW), owned and operated by Malaysia Airports Holding Berhad, serves town of Istanbul, Türkiye, and the airport is a member of the choose 100 million annual air passengers membership.
SAW is situated 35km southeast of central Istanbul within the Asian, versus the European, a part of town.
The airport was constructed in 2003 to ease the rising stress on the then bigger Atatürk Airport, situated within the metropolis’s western half and one which closed to industrial flights in 2019 after Istanbul Airport, additionally within the western phase, opened in Oct-2018.
Globally, SAW is the 62nd largest airport by seat capability, 72nd by frequencies, and 91st by cargo payload.
The airport broke its passenger report in 2023, and that achievement adopted constant progress virtually because it opened till 2019, after which a speedy post-pandemic restoration.
Its wider affect in Istanbul is rising.
It’s, by definition, a brief haul and low value (72% of capability)-oriented facility, and with 73% of its capability unaligned, however curiosity from international full service carriers and from Asia might begin to change that.
Proper now SAW’s route community is restricted virtually solely to Europe and the Center East.
A not too long ago opened second runway ought to assist the airport keep forward of the sport in a wider area, together with the Center East, the place there are numerous infrastructure enhancements going down, particularly to terminal buildings.
SAW does really need extra infrastructure, although – primarily extra terminal area, and the most important incumbent airline, Pegasus, is pursuing that as a matter of urgency.
That aside, there are not any apparent impediments to SAW changing into probably the most vital ‘second’ metropolis airports wherever.
Tokyo Narita Airport (NRT) – nonetheless the principle worldwide gateway
The three-terminal Narita Worldwide Airport is the principle worldwide gateway to the Larger Tokyo area of Japan.
It’s the world’s 57th largest by seat capability, 75th by frequencies, and 15th by cargo payload.
The airport is the second largest serving the Tokyo metropolitan space, with the bigger being the extra central Haneda Airport. Haneda, nonetheless, has for a very long time been restricted to home and brief haul providers, with Narita dealing with all lengthy haul providers into the area.
Whereas that place has now modified considerably, Haneda’s worldwide capability remains to be solely 26% of the entire, whereas it’s 81% at Narita. Each Haneda and Narita airports are present process modifications in technique that can see this sample change although.
With a extreme COVID influence on the airport, which decreased passenger numbers from 44 million in 2019 to 5 million in 2021, the restoration fee was +194% and +112% in 2022 and 2023 respectively. It continued at +39% in Jan-2024.
Progress had settled at 4-5% every year from 2015 to 2019, however earlier than that it had been fairly extensively variable.
There is no such thing as a dominant airline at Narita.
The most important by seat capability is Jetstar Japan (11%), and by actions it’s ANA (14%). Over 60% of the capability is recorded as being on ‘different airways’ – which often means 1%-2% every.
It’s primarily a full service airport (57%), however the low value part is probably larger than is likely to be anticipated from a world lengthy haul airport.
Alliances are properly represented, in that there are seven of them current, besides – 46% of capability is on unaligned airways.
Companies are targeting Asia first, adopted by North America, after which a small community in Europe.
There are not any providers, or subsequent to no providers, to Africa and Latin America.
Narita is considered one of few main airports to have constructed a devoted low value terminal. The principle building challenge presently is an air cargo logistics centre, at a value of USD2.7 billion.
Beijing Daxing Worldwide Airport (PKX) – a ‘9 runway’ Goliath that can ultimately develop into the principle airport
Beijing Daxing Worldwide serves the Chinese language capital metropolis.
Building of the CNY80 billion (USD13.1 billion) airport, located 50km south of town centre, started in Dec-2014. It started industrial operations on 25-Sep-2019, making it the second most not too long ago opened major stage airport wherever, coming a yr earlier than Berlin Brandenburg in Germany.
Conceived in 2008, the airport was envisaged from the beginning not a lot to be a reliever for the present and capacity-constrained Beijing Capital Worldwide Airport (BCIA, 25km northeast of town centre) as one that will, with as much as 9 runways (at the moment there are 4), change it as the principle air facility, with between 120 million and 200 million passengers yearly, and develop into the world’s busiest airport.
It has not come wherever close to these figures but, though the impact of COVID should be taken under consideration.
With a rise of 238% over the earlier yr, a passenger complete of 32,375,000 was achieved within the yr to Nov-2023. This was greater than half of the whole at BCIA for the total yr, and the place the very best ever complete was 101 million, in 2018, the one airport other than Atlanta ever to exceed 100mppa.
Presently, Daxing is the 34th largest airport worldwide by capability, 39th by frequencies, and 32nd by cargo payload. It’s primarily a home facility, with solely 8% of capability within the worldwide area.
There are three main airways – China Southern, China Jap and China United, and virtually all of the capability is on home airways, that are primarily full service (77% of capability). Roughly a 3rd of capability is on aligned airways.
That profile bears some similarities with Tokyo Narita, apart from there being a barely better emphasis on the total service mannequin and the reversal of the home/worldwide cut up.
Daxing’s route map reveals intense exercise inside Jap China, with little exercise internationally, however with a small community of worldwide locations within the Asia Pacific area, within the Center East and really selectively in Europe.
Daxing continues to be expanded with its large passenger goal in thoughts, and inclusive of that USD13.8 billion ticket.
Solely Part 1 has been accomplished so far, and co-location of airline alliance members to Daxing was delayed by the COVID pandemic.
Paris Orly Airport (ORY) – deal with North African site visitors
Paris-Orly is situated 13km south of central Paris, and is the second largest airport serving France typically and the Paris metropolitan area particularly, after Charles de Gaulle (CDG) to town’s north east.
Orly, about twice as near town centre as CDG, was beforehand Paris’ main worldwide gateway, and is a part of a four-airports system for the city-region, additionally together with Le Bourget (which is now used for enterprise and normal aviation), and the distant Paris Beauvais airport to the north.
All however Beauvais are owned and operated by Groupe ADP.
Paris Vatry Airport, much more distant to the east, primarily handles freight
Orly may maybe be thought of extra of a bridesmaid than is its counterpart in London, Gatwick Airport. Even so, it retains some significance.
It ranks 75th for capability, 92nd for frequencies, and 144th for cargo payload.
There was sluggish however constant site visitors improvement from 2010 to 2018. Pandemic restoration was swift, and passenger numbers in 2023 weren’t far in need of these of 2018 (there having been a small fall in 2019).
It’s how Orly’s provide and demand is constructed that’s of the best curiosity.
It’s a world airport (80% of capability), and with an equal cut up between French and international airways. The most important airline by capability and actions is the LCC Transavia France, which fills an identical function to that of easyJet at London Gatwick. LCCs account for nearly 60% of the capability and unaligned airways over 75%, which make the airport’s profile similar to that of Gatwick’s.
After Western Europe, North Africa has the very best stage of capability, at about 50% of the Western Europe stage. And the route map exhibits the focus on that area, one the place there are quite a few ex-French-colonial territories.
Orly does have a reasonably complete lengthy haul community although, once more like Gatwick, in that it’s operated extensively by low value airways. It’s also a secondary Paris base for Air France.
Orly is presently present process a normal refurbishment and modernisation at a value of over USD600 million. A brand new metro station will open in Jun-2024, which can hook up with central Paris in quarter-hour.
